Is jazz “modern”? “There has been no systematic discussion of jazz as a branch of artistic modernism, and jazz’s own ‘modernity’ has for all intents and purposes been taken for granted.” A new book tries out definitions of modern jazz. Alfred Appel “believes that if modernism itself is to survive as an idiom of continuing interest, it will only be through the work of those artists who sought to be ‘accessible’ and ‘tonic’ rather than inaccessibly abstruse and hermetic, who drew their inspiration from vernacular culture, and who endeavored to speak not merely to the ‘insular, marginalized’ world of ‘enthusiastic fans’ but to a popular audience.”