“The engraved lines found on Gibraltar are said to be 40,000 years old, making them older than the the oldest-known cave paintings by Homo sapiens,which can be seen in the Chauvet-Pont-d’Arc Cave in southern France. It certainly seems that the capacity for symbolic thought is not unique to Homo sapiens, but do the incised lines of Gibraltar really prove a capacity for advanced thought? Can we call them “art” at all?”